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气力输送设备分类特点及工作原理

Time: 2016/11/25 9:37:45

气力输送设备利用气体的流动来进行固体物料的输送操作,称为气力输送。气力输送是使固体物料悬浮于气体中随气流运动,借助高速气流输送粉状物料。当气体的操作速度大于很 限速度(即固体颗粒的自由沉降速度)时,固体颗粒才能被气体带走。所以气力输送需要比较高的气流速度,这就造成摩擦压头损失较大,颗粒的磨损较快,输送管道的磨蚀也较厉害。为了使这些效应减少到*小程度,需尽可能地保持较低的气流速度,但这个低限流速又受到固体颗粒从气·固混合物的流动中沉降出来的条件所限制。
目前气力输送主要有如下的分类与特点:
   (1)按气源的动力学特点分为吸气输送与压气输送。吸气输送是指气流输送管道中压强低于大气压的输送,输送距离有限。压气输送是指气流输送管道中压强大于大气压的输送,输送距离可达lOOOm,但动力消耗大。
   (2)按气流中固体颗粒的浓度分为稀相输送、浓相输送和超浓相输送。三种气力输送在冶金生产中均有不同程度的使用,其在生产中运用的比例,可以看出,目前稀相输送是使用*广的气力输送方式。
   物料在上升气流中运动时,物料倚仗自己的重力下降,而上升气流却给物料一个向上的力。这就是升力,当物料的重力大于物料所受到的升力时,物料就下降;当物料的重力等于物料所受到的升力时,物料就悬浮在气流中,不升不降;当物料的重力小于物科所受到的升力时,物料就随着上升气流上升,升力越大,物料上升的速度就越快,这就是气力输送的基本原理。在气力输送中,对不同的物料所控制的主要技术指标是*小气流速度。在直立管路中,*小气流速度就是保持物料悬浮状态的气流速度;在水平管路中,物料贴在管壁,当管内气流速度加快时给贴在管壁的物料以升力,当此升力大于物料重力时,此颗粒就悬浮在管中,被运动气流带走,此时的速度亦称气流*小速度,亦称混合速度。 

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